Identification of Multiple Drug-Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

Authors

  • G. Michael Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, POB 0037, Off Ashaka Road, Gombe State, Nigeria.
  • L. Garba Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada Gombe, 760001 Gombe State, Nigeria.
  • M.T. Adamu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada Gombe, 760001 Gombe State, Nigeria.
  • Z.M. Saleh Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada Gombe, 760001 Gombe State, Nigeria.
  • S. Isa Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada Gombe, 760001 Gombe State, Nigeria.
  • M.M. Manga College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, PMB 127, Tudun Wada Gombe, Gombe State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.862

Keywords:

Acinetobacter baumannii, Identification, Sensitivity test, Multidrug resistance, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract

Around the world, Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen that accounts for 80% of hospitalized patient infections. This opportunistic bacterium can cause a wide range of infections, including skin and soft tissue infections, meningitis, pneumonia acquired on a ventilator, urinary tract infections, and bacteremia, all of which have a high death rate of almost 63.3%. Finding multidrug-resistant genes in the clinical isolates of A. baumannii was the goal of this study. Twenty-four (24) A. baumannii clinical isolates were obtained from the Federal Teaching Hospital in Gombe, Nigeria, and subcultured on MacConkey agar for eighteen to twenty-four hours at 37 ˚C. The isolates were identified using traditional biochemical testing, morphology, and cultural traits. The VITEK was then used to validate the identification. Twenty of the 24 isolates had been identified as A. baumannii. The Kirby Bauer method and CLSI recommendations were utilized to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the A. baumannii isolates. Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to identify the genes that were resistant to many drugs. According to the data, fifteen (15) A. baummanii isolates, or 75% of the total, were likely multidrug resistant. The presence of the BlaNDM-1 gene in eight isolates, the BlaOXA23 gene in six isolates, and the BlaVIM gene in just four isolates was confirmed by molecular detection of the MDR genes from these isolates. These results show that a significant portion of the isolates of A. baumannii carried genes resistant to many drugs, which could be the root cause of any infection treatment failure caused by this organism.

References

Kostyanev T, Xavier BB, García-Castillo M, Lammens C, Acosta JB, Rodríguez-Baño J, et al. Phenotypic and molecular characterizations of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected within the EURECA study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2021 Jan;57(6):106345.

Koulenti D, Song A, Ellingboe A, Abdul-Aziz MH, Harris P, Gavey E, et al. Infections by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: What's new in our arsenal and what's in the pipeline? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019 Jan;53(3):211-24.

Abdullah ZH, Merza NS. Phenotypic and molecular detection of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from patients in Duhok city, Iraq. Sci J Univ Zakho. 2019;7(4):132-7.

Fournier PE, Richet H, Weinstein RA. The epidemiology and control of Acinetobacter baumannii in health care facilities. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Jan;42(5):692-9.

Jimoh O, Ejembi J, Aliyu S, Abubakar ML, Ibrahim M, Olayinka AT. Postburns sepsis caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Ann Trop Pathol. 2018 Jan;9(2):172.

Bashir A, Aliero AA, Idris AM, Takalmawa HU, Faruk S, Agwu E. Molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii from patients with prolonged hospital stays in three tertiary hospitals of Kano Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria.

Nwadike VU, Ojide CK, Kalu EI. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a Nigerian tertiary hospital ICU. Afr J Infect Dis. 2014;8(1):18-8.

Ibrahim ME. Prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2019 Mar;18(1):1.

Uwingabiye J, Frikh M, Lemnouer A, Bssaibis F, Belefquih B, Maleb A, et al. Acinetobacter infections prevalence and frequency of the antibiotics resistance: comparative study of intensive care units versus other hospital units. Pan Afr Med J. 2016 Jan;23(1).

Odewale G, Adefioye OJ, Ojo J, Adewumi FA, Olowe OA. Multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp). 2016;6(3):238-43.

Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Sep 17;396(10258):1204-22.

Ramezanalizadeh F, Owlia P, Rasooli I. Type I pili, CsuA/B and FimA induce a protective immune response against Acinetobacter baumannii. Vaccine. 2020 Jul 22;38(34):5436-46.

Potron A, Poirel L, Nordmann P. Emerging broad-spectrum resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms and epidemiology. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015 Jun 1;45(6):568-85.

Al-Hassan LL, Al-Madboly LA. Molecular characterisation of an Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak. Infect Prev Pract. 2020 Mar 1;2(2):100040.

Jain S, Mohammadi R, Wallace BC. An analysis of attention over clinical notes for predictive tasks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.03244. 2019 May 5.

Dekic S, Hrenovic J, Ivankovic T, Van Wilpe E. Survival of ESKAPE pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii in water of different temperatures and pH. Water Sci Technol. 2018 Nov 2;78(6):1370-6.

Chis AA, Rus LL, Morgovan C, Arseniu AM, Frum A, Vonica-T. Microbial Resistance to Antibiotics and Effective Antibiotherapy. Biomed. 2022 Jan 10;10:1121.

Wall S. Prevention of antibiotic resistance-an epidemiological scoping review to identify research categories and knowledge gaps. Glob Health Action. 2019 Dec 12;12:1756191.

Kar B, Sharma M, Peter A, Chetia P, Neog B, Borah A, et al. Prevalence and molecular characterization of ?-lactamase producers and fluoroquinolone resistant clinical isolates from North East India. J Infect Public Health. 2021 May;14(5):628-637.

Benamrouche N, Lafer O, Benmahdi L, Benslimani A, Amhis W, Ammari H, et al. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Algerian hospitals. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2020 Dec 31;14(12):1395-401.

Al-Tamimi M, Albalawi H, Alkhawaldeh M, Alazzam A, Ramadan H, Altalalwah M, et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Jordan. Microorganisms. 2022 Apr 20;10(5):849.

Mahmood NH, Al-Brefkani A. Molecular Characterisation of Carbapenemase-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Hospitalised Patients in Iraq. J Life Bio Sci Res. 2022 Aug 17;3(02):27-32.

Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2. Cambridge University Press; 2005.

Garba L, Abdulfatah A, Adamu MT, Ismail H, Yusuf I, Dahiru AS. Evaluation of Antibacterial Potency of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mentha piperita. Int J Innov Approaches Sci Res. 2021;5(4).

CLSI. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 30th ed. CLSI supplement M100, 30th edition. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Wayne, PA; 2021. xvi, 72 pages: illustrations.

Ayenew Z, Tigabu E, Syoum E, Ebrahim S, Assefa D, Tsige E. Multidrug resistance pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from clinical specimens referred to the Ethiopian Public Health Institute: 2014 to 2018 trend analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Apr 29;16(4):e0250896.

Shi X, Wang H, Wang X, Jing H, Duan R, Qin S, et al. Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. PLoS One. 2021 Feb 22;16(2):e0247418.

Karakonstantis S, Kritsotakis EI, Gikas A. Pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review of current epidemiology, prognosis and treatment options. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2020 Jan 1;75(2):271-82.

Rynga D, Shariff M, Deb M. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Delhi, India. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2015 Dec;14:1-8.

Dimitriadis G, Mitrou P, Lambadiari V, Boutati E, Maratou E, Panagiotakos DB, et al. Insulin action in adipose tissue and muscle in hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jan 1;91(12):4930-7.

Magiorakos AP, Srinivasan A, Carey RB, Carmeli Y, Falagas ME, Giske CG, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria Kar: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012 Jan 1;18(3):268-81.

Pal N, Sujatha R, Kumar A. Ventilator associated pneumonia due to Acinetobacter baumannii its risk factors and its antibacterial resistance pattern: a case control study. Ind J Sci Res. 2017;1:73-80.

Selim S, Faried OA, Almuhayawi MS, Mohammed OA, Saleh FM, Warrad M. Dynamic gene clusters mediating carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. Antib. 2022 Jan 28;11(2):168.

Joshi SG, Litake GM, Satpute MG, Telang NV, Ghole VS, Niphadkar KB. Clinical and demographic features of infection caused by Acinetobacter species. Ind J Med Sci. 2006 Jan 1;60(9):351-60.

Agyepong N, Fordjour F, Owusu-Ofori A. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in healthcare settings in Africa. Front Trop Dis. 2023 Feb 28;4:1110125.

Downloads

Published

31.12.2023

How to Cite

Michael, G., Garba, L., Adamu, M., Saleh, Z., Isa, S., & Manga, M. (2023). Identification of Multiple Drug-Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 11(2), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v11i2.862

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
    2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
    3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).