An Iron Determination Method for Azo Dyes-Contaminated Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54987/bessm.v1i1.991Keywords:
Iron, Determination, 12-Phosphomolybdate, 1,10-phenanthrolineAbstract
We have designed an improved iron determination method based on the ability of ferrous iron to reduce 12-molybdophosphate (12-MP). The method allows for direct determination of ferrous iron in the presence of azo dyes. The iron determination method had a specific extinction coefficient of 0.0514 (mg l-)-1.cm-1 at 865 nm with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The relative standard deviation for each data point does not exceed 5% (n=3) suggesting precision. In its oxidized state 12-MP is yellowish in color and when reduced it forms a blue solution. The iron determination method is less interfered with azo dyes compared to common iron determination methods such as 1,10-phenanthroline and the commercial FerreMoTM.
References
Altschul, S.F., W, Gish., W, Miller., E.W. Myers and D.J. Lipman. (1990) 'Basic local alignment search tool', J. Mol. Biol, 215(3), pp.403-410.
Atlas, R.M. and C.E. Cerniglia. (1995) 'Bioremediation of petroleum pollutants. Bioscience', 45(5), pp.1-10.
Bento, F.M., Camargo, F.A.O., Okeke, B.C. and Frankenberger, W.T. (2005) 'Comparative bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel oil by natural attenuation, biostimulation and bioaugmentation', Bioresour. Technol, 96, pp.1049 - 1055.
Berita Harian Online: 150 tonnes of diesel spilled in the Straits of Malacca. 6 August 1997..
Bicca, F.C., L.C. Fleck., M. Antonio and Z, Ayub. (1999) 'Production of biosurfactant by hydrocarbon degrading Rhodococcus ruber and Rhodococcus erythropolis', Rev. Microbiol, 30, pp.231-236.
Cavalca, L., P.D. Gennaro., M. Colombo., V. Andreoni., S. Bernasconi., I. Ronco and G. Bestetti. (2000) 'Distribution of catabolic pathways in some hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from a subsurface polluted soil', Resour. Microbiol, 151, pp.877-887.
Chayabutra, C. and L.K. Ju. (2000) 'Degradation of n- hexadecane and its metabolites by Pseudomonas aeruginosa under microaerobic and anaerobic denitrifying conditions', Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 66(2), pp.493-498.
Chapman, P.J. and M, Shelton. (1995) 'Fossil fuel biodegradation, laboratory studies. Environ. Health Perspect', Suppl, 1035, pp.1-7.
Claassens, S., L. Van Rensburg., K.J. Riedel., J.J. Bezuidenhout and P.J.J. Van Rensburg. (2006) 'Evaluation of the efficiency of various commercial products for the bioremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil', Environmentalist, 26(1), pp.51-62.
Davey, K.R. (1994) 'Review paper, modelling the combined effect of temperature and pH on the rate coefficient for bacterial growth', Int. J. Food Microbiol, 23, pp.295-303.
Devereux, R., and S.S. Wilkinson. (2004) 'Amplification of ribosomal RNA sequences', In: Molecular microbial ecology manual, 2nd ed. (Eds.: G.A. Kowalchuk, F.J. de Brujin, I.M. Head, A.D.L. Akkermans and J.D. van Elsas. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 509-522.
DOE: Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2006. (2007) Department of Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia. ISSN 0127-6433.
Eriksson, M., A. Swartling and G. Dalhammar. (1998) 'Biological degradation of diesel fuel in water and soil monitored with solid-phase microextraction and GC-MS. Appl', Microbiol. Biotechnol, 50, pp.129-134.
Espeche, M.E., W.P. MacCormack and E.R. Fraile. (1994) 'Factors affecting growth of an n-hexadecane degrader Acinetobacter species isolated from a highly polluted urban river', Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 33(2), pp.187-196.
Felsenstein, J. (1985) 'Confidence limits on phylogenies, an approach using the bootstrap', Evolution, 39, pp.783-791.
Ghazali, F.M., R.N.Z.A. Rahman, A.B. Salleh and M. Basri. (2004) 'Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial consortium', Int. Biodeter. Biodegrad, 54, pp.61-67.
Hong, J.H., J. Kim, O.K. Choi, K.S. Cho and H.W. Ryu. (2005) 'Characterization of a diesel-degrading bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa IU5, isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Korea', World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 21(3), pp.381-384.
Kimura, M.A. (1980) 'Simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences', J. Mol. Evol, 16, pp.111-120.
Kwapisz, E., J. Wszelaka, O. Marchut and S. Bielecki. (2008) 'The effect of nitrate and ammonium ions on kinetics of diesel oil degradation by Gordonia alkanivorans S7', Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 61, pp.214-222.
Lee, M., M.K. Kim, I. Singleton, M. Goodfellow and S.-T. Lee. (2006) 'Enhanced biodegradation of diesel oil by a newly identified Rhodococcus baikonurensis EN3 in the presence of mycolic acid', J. Appl. Microbiol, 100, pp.325-333.
Lee M., M.K. Kim, M.J. Kwon, B.D. Park, M.H. Kim, M. Goodfellow and S.T. Lee. (2005) 'Effect of the synthesized mycolic acid on the biodegradation of diesel oil by Gordonia nitida strain LE31', J. Biosci. Bioeng, 100(4), pp.429-436.
Ma, Y. Herson, DS. (2000) 'The cathecol 2, 3- deoxygenase gene and toluene monooxygenase genes from burkholderia sp. AA1, an isolate capable of degrading aliphatic hydrocarbons and toluene', Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 25, pp.127-131.
Margesin, R. (2000) 'Potential of cold-adapted microorganisms for bioremediation of oil-polluted Alpine soils', Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 46, pp.3-10.
Ma?rquez-Rocha, F.J., J. Olmos-Soto, M. Concepcio?n Rosano-Herna?ndez and M . Muriel-Garci?a. (2005) 'Determination of the hydrocarbon-degrading metabolic capabilities of tropical bacterial isolates', Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad, 55, pp.17-23.
Michaud, L., F. Di Cello, M. Brilli, R. Fani, A.L. Giudice and V. Bruni. (2004) 'Biodiversity of cultivable Antarctic psychrotrophic marine bacteria isolated from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)', FEMS Microbiol. Lett, 230, pp.63-71.
Mohammed, D., A. Ramsubhag and D.M. Beckles. (2007) 'An assessment of the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil using non-indigenous, commercial microbes', Water, Air, Soil Poll, 182(1-4), pp.349-356.
Mohanti, G. Mukherji, S. (2007) 'Effect of an emulsifying surfactant on diesel degradation by cultures exhibiting inducible cell surface hydrophobicity', J Chem Technol Biotechnol, 82, pp.1004-1011.
Mukherji S., S. Jagadevan, G. Mohapatra and A. Vijay. (2004) 'Biodegradation of diesel oil by an Arabian Sea sediment culture isolated from the vicinity of an oil field', Bioresource Technol, 95, pp.281-286.
M. Y. Shukor, N. A. A. Hassan, A. Z. Jusoh, N. Perumal, N. A. Shamaan, W. P. MacCormack and M. A. Syed. (2009a) 'Isolation and characterization of a Pseudomonas diesel-degrading strain from Antarctica', Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(1), pp.1-6.
M. Y. Shukor, F. A. Dahalan, A. Z. Jusoh, R. Muse, N. A. Shamaan and M. A. Syed. (2009b) 'Characterization of a diesel- degrading strain isolated from a hydrocarbon- contaminated site', Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(1), pp.145-150.
Page, R.D.M. (1996) 'TREEVIEW, an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers', Computer. Appl. Biosci, 12, pp.357-358.
Petrikevich, S.B., E.N. Kobzev and A.N. Shkidchenko. (2003) 'Estimation of the hydrocarbon-oxidizing activity of microorganisms', Appl. Biochem. Microbiol, 301, pp.19-23.
Rajasekar A., T.G. Babu, S.T. Pandian, S. Maruthamuthu, N. Palaniswamy and A. Rajendran. (2007) 'Role of Serratia marcescens ACE2 on diesel degradation and its influence on corrosion', J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 34(9), pp.589-598.
Saitou, N. and M. Nei. (1987) 'The neighbor-joining method, a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees', Mol. Biol. Evol, 4, pp.406-425.
Somtrakoon K. Suanjit S. Pokethitiyook P. Kruatrachue M. Lee H. Upatham S. (2008) ;Phenanthrene stimulates the degradation of pyrene and fluoranthene by Burkholderia sp. VUN10013', World J Microbiol Biotechnol, 24, pp.523-531.
Sinnakkannu, S., A.R. Abdullah, N.M. Tahir and M.R. Abas. (2004) 'Degradation of metsulfuron methyl in selected Malaysian agricultural soils', Fresenius Environ. Bull, 13(3), pp.258-261.
The New Straits Times. (2000) Oil Spill closes road for six hours. 3 February.
The New Straits Times. (2001) Tenaga Nasional Moves Quickly to Avert Disaster after Diesel Spill. 23rd may.
Thompson, J.D., D.G. Higgins and T.J. Gibson. (1994) 'CLUSTAL W, Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice', Nucleic Acids Res, 22, pp.4673-4680.
Ueno A., Y. Ito, I. Yumoto and H. Okuyama. (2007) 'Isolation and characterization of bacteria from soil contaminated with diesel oil and the possible use of these in autochthonous bioaugmentation', World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 23, pp1739- 1745.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2013 Bulletin of Environmental Science and Sustainable Management (e-ISSN 2716-5353)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).