The Effect of Pesticides on Cholinesterase Activity by Using Fish as a Biomarker.

Abstract

Nowadays, many water bodies have been polluted by the direct or indirect release of natural or artificial molecules which aimed to kill or mitigate any harmful organism. Non target living organisms were also affected by these compounds known as pesticides. They can cause poisoning in the human body through the inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme (ChE) which plays the role in human detoxifying process. The inhibition reaction is very important in human nervous system although they are far more lethal against insects and small animals. Water rehabilitation followed by monitoring is the best technique to ensure a safer environment. As the first method, preliminary screening of contamination can be carried out using enzymatic biosensor before a high performance technology is needed for analytical quantification. ChE-based biomarker was considered as an effective method for the monitoring of environmental contamination in compound especially pesticides and insecticides in agriculture. Fish was documented to be very sensitive toward toxicants, thus fish is selected as the biomarker along with ChE to indicate the existence of toxicant. This review gives a highlight on the capability of ChE-based biosensor for detecting contamination caused by pesticides which can later become one beneficial method for bioremediation.