Primary Mathematical Modeling of Growth on Phenol by Bacillus sp. Strain Neni-10
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v6i2.981Keywords:
Primary models, Biodegradation, Phenol, modified Gompertz model, Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10Abstract
Primary modeling of microbial growth is essential for determining key parameters such as the maximum specific growth rate (μm), which are foundational for secondary modeling. Models such as the modified Gompertz, modified Logistic, modified Richards, Buchanan-3-phase, Baranyi-Roberts, modified Schnute, von Bertalanffy, Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF), and Huang elucidate the impact of substrates on bacterial growth and biotransformation processes, vital for biotechnological applications like wastewater treatment and bioremediation. In this study, the growth of a previously isolated phenol-degrading Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10 on phenol was modeled using the aforementioned primary models. Experimental data indicated that phenol concentrations ranging from 250 to 2200 mg/L were toxic, slowing bacterial growth and increasing lag periods from 5.8 to 9.4 hours. Among the primary models tested, the modified Gompertz model provided the best fit, evidenced by a high adjusted coefficient of determination, low RMSE, and AICc values, and favorable accuracy (AF) and bias factors (BF). The robustness of the modified Gompertz model highlights its suitability for modeling bacterial growth under toxic conditions, providing valuable insights for optimizing biotechnological processes that involve bacterial adaptation and growth under stress conditions. This model's ability to accurately describe the growth kinetics under such challenging conditions makes it a reliable tool for further bioprocess optimization and environmental applications.
References
Dahalan FA, Yunus I, Johari WLW, Shukor MY, Halmi MIE, Shamaan NA, et al. Growth kinetics of a diesel-degrading bacterial strain from petroleum-contaminated soil. J Environ Biol. 2014;35(2):399-406.
Gami AA, Shukor MY, Khalil KA, Dahalan FA, Khalid A, Ahmad SA. Phenol and its toxicity. J Environ Microbiol Toxicol. 2014;2(1):11-23.
Hansch C, McKarns SC, Smith CJ, Doolittle DJ. Comparative QSAR evidence for a free-radical mechanism of phenol-induced toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2000;127(1):61-72.
Aditiawati P, Akhmaloka, Astuti DI, Sugilubin, Pikoli MR. Biodesulfurization of subbituminous coal by mixed culture bacteria isolated from coal mine soil of South Sumatera. Biotechnology. 2013;12(1):46-53.
Yahuza S, Dan-Iya BI, Sabo IA. Modelling the Growth of Enterobacter sp. on Polyethylene. J Biochem Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Jul 31;8(1):42-6.
Rusnam, Yakasai HM, Rahman MF, Gusmanizar N, Shukor MY. Mathematical Modeling of Molybdenum-Blue Production from Bacillus sp. strain Neni-. Bioremediation Sci Technol Res. 2021 Jul 31;9(1):7-12.
Yakasai MH, Manogaran M. Kinetic Modelling of Molybdenum-blue Production by Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10. J Environ Microbiol Toxicol. 2020 Jul 31;8(1):5-10.
López S, Prieto M, Dijkstra J, Dhanoa MS, France J. Statistical evaluation of mathematical models for microbial growth. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;96(3):289-300.
McKellar RC, Knight K. A combined discrete-continuous model describing the lag phase of Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol. 2000;54(3):171-80.
Kim HW, Lee SA, Yoon Y, Paik HD, Ham JS, Han SH, et al. Development of kinetic models describing kinetic behavior of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in milk. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour. 2013;33(2):155-61.
Li MY, Sun XM, Zhao GM, Huang XQ, Zhang JW, Tian W, et al. Comparison of Mathematical Models of Lactic Acid Bacteria Growth in Vacuum-Packaged Raw Beef Stored at Different Temperatures. J Food Sci. 2013;78(4):M600-4.
Zwietering MH, Jongenburger I, Rombouts FM, Van't Riet K. Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56(6):1875-81.
Buchanan RL, Whiting RC, Damert WC. When is simple good enough: A comparison of the Gompertz, Baranyi, and three-phase linear models for fitting bacterial growth curves. Food Microbiol. 1997;14(4):313-26.
Mansur R, Gusmanizar N, Roslan MAH, Ahmad SA, Shukor MY. Isolation and characterisation of a molybdenum-reducing and Metanil yellow dye-decolourising Bacillus sp. strain Neni-10 in soils from West Sumatera, Indonesia. Trop Life Sci Res. 2017 Jan;28(1):69-90.
Rusnam, Gusmanizar N, Rahman MF, Yasid NA. Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing and Phenol-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain Neni-4 from soils in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Bull Environ Sci Sustain Manag E-ISSN 2716-5353. 2022 Jul 31;6(1):1-8.
Shukor MY, Gusmanizar N, Azmi NA, Hamid M, Ramli J, Shamaan NA, et al. Isolation and characterization of an acrylamide-degrading Bacillus cereus. J Enviromental Biol. 2009;30(1):57-64.
Marquardt DW. An algorithm for least-squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. SIAM J Appl Math. 1963;11(2):431-41.
Motulsky HJ, Ransnas LA. Fitting curves to data using nonlinear regression: a practical and nonmathematical review. FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol. 1987 Nov;1(5):365-74.
Halmi, MIE, ,Shukor MS, Johari W.L.W WLW, Shukor MY. Mathematical Modeling of the Growth Kinetics of Bacillus sp . on Tannery Effluent Containing Chromate. J Environ Bioremediation Toxicol. 2014;2(1):6-10.
Akaike H. Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika. 1987;52(3):317-32.
Ross T, McMeekin TA. Predictive microbiology. Int J Food Microbiol. 1994;23(3-4):241-64.
Aravindhan R, Naveen N, Anand G, Rao JR, Nair BU. Kinetics of biodegradation of phenol and a polyphenolic compound by a mixed culture containing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Bacillus Subtilis. Appl Ecol Environ Res. 2014;12(3):615-25.
Folsom BR, Chapman PJ, Pritchard PH. Phenol and trichloroethylene degradation by Pseudomonas cepacia G4: Kinetics and interactions between substrates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56(5):1279-85.
Hasan SA, Jabeen S. Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015;29(1):45-53.
Tomasi I, Artaud I, Bertheau Y, Mansuy D. Metabolism of polychlorinated phenols by Pseudomonas cepacia AC1100: Determination of the first two steps and specific inhibitory effect of methimazole. J Bacteriol. 1995;177(2):307-11.
Magharbeh MK, Khleifat KM, Al-Kafaween MA, Saraireh R, Alqaraleh M, Qaralleh H, et al. Biodegradation of phenol by Bacillus simplex: Characterization and kinetics study. Appl Environ Biotechnol. 2021;6(2):1-12.
Ke Q, Zhang Y, Wu X, Su X, Wang Y, Lin H, et al. Sustainable biodegradation of phenol by immobilized Bacillus sp. SAS19 with porous carbonaceous gels as carriers. J Environ Manage. 2018;222:185-9.
Chris Felshia S, Aswin Karthick N, Thilagam R, Chandralekha A, Raghavarao KSMS, Gnanamani A. Efficacy of free and encapsulated Bacillus lichenformis strain SL10 on degradation of phenol: A comparative study of degradation kinetics. J Environ Manage. 2017;197:373-83.
Karthika S, Reshma MJ, Wilson PA, Das RA, Sarma US, Harikrishnan K, et al. Characterization and Evaluation of Phenol Degrading Bacillus Spp. for Enhancing the Softness of Coir Fiber. J Nat Fibers. 2016;13(3):253-60.
Hasan SA, Jabeen S. Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2015 Jan 2;29(1):45-53.
Halmi MIE, Shukor MS, Johari WLW, Shukor MY. Mathematical modelling of the degradation kinetics of Bacillus cereus grown on phenol. J Environ Bioremediation Toxicol. 2014;2(1):1-5.
Banerjee A, Ghoshal AK. Phenol degradation by Bacillus cereus: Pathway and kinetic modeling. Bioresour Technol. 2010;101(14):5501-7.
Bai J, Wen JP, Li HM, Jiang Y. Kinetic modeling of growth and biodegradation of phenol and m-cresol using Alcaligenes faecalis. Process Biochem. 2007;42(4):510-7.
Kiliç NK. Enhancement of phenol biodegradation by Ochrobactrum sp. isolated from industrial wastewaters. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad. 2009;63(6):778-81.
Ahmad SA, Syed MA, Arif NM, Shukor MYA, Shamaan NA. Isolation, identification and characterization of elevated phenol degrading Acinetobacter sp. strain AQ5NOL 1. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2011;5(8):1035-45.
Yadzir ZHM, Shukor MY, Nazir MS, Abdullah MA. Characterization and identification of newly isolated Acinetobacter baumannii strain Serdang 1 for phenol removal. In 2012. p. 223-8.
Patil AH, Mishra RM, Kundar RR, Pendse AS. Study of phenol degrading bacterium isolated from a petrochemical contaminated site. J Appl Biol Sci. 2023 May 31;17(2):306-19.
Wen Y, Li C, Song X, Yang Y. Biodegradation of phenol by rhodococcus sp. Strain SKC: Characterization and kinetics study. Molecules. 2020;25(16).
Kumari S, Chetty D, Ramdhani N, Bux F. Phenol degrading ability of Rhodococcus pyrinidivorans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from activated sludge plants in South Africa. J Environ Sci Health - Part ToxicHazardous Subst Environ Eng. 2013;48(8):947-53.
Arif NM, Ahmad SA, Syed MA, Shukor MY. Isolation and characterization of a phenol-degrading Rhodococcus sp. strain AQ5NOL 2 KCTC 11961BP. J Basic Microbiol. 2013;53(1):9-19.
Shumkova ES, Solyanikova IP, Plotnikova EG, Golovleva LA. Phenol degradation by Rhodococcus opacus strain 1G. Appl Biochem Microbiol. 2009;45(1):43-9.
Nagamani A a, Lowry M b. Phenol biodegradation by Rhodococcus coprophilus isolated from semi arid soil samples of Pali, Rajasthan. Int J Appl Environ Sci. 2009;4(3):295-302.
?ejková A, Masák J, Jirk? V, Veselý M, Pátek M, Nešvera J. Potential of Rhodococcus erythropolis as a bioremediation organism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;21(3):317-21.
Halmi MIE, Wasoh H, Sukor S, Ahmad SA, Yusof MT, Shukor MY. Bioremoval of molybdenum from aqueous solution. Int J Agric Biol. 2014;16(4):848-50.
Baranyi J, Roberts TA. A dynamic approach to predicting bacterial growth in food. Int J Food Microbiol. 1994;23(3-4):277-94.
Agarry SE, Audu TOK, Solomon BO. Substrate inhibition kinetics of phenol degradation by Pseudomonas fluorescence from steady state and wash-out data. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2009;6(3):443-50.
Othman AR, Bakar NA, Halmi MIE, Johari WLW, Ahmad SA, Jirangon H, et al. Kinetics of molybdenum reduction to molybdenum blue by Bacillus sp. strain A.rzi. BioMed Res Int. 2013;2013:Article number 371058.
Halmi MIE, Shukor MS, Masdor NA, Shamaan NA, Shukor MY. Testing the normality of residuals on regression model for the growth of Paracoccus sp. SKG on acetonitrile. J Environ Bioremediation Toxicol. 2015;3(1):15-7.
Manogaran M, Othman AR, Shukor MY, Halmi MIE. Modelling the Effect of Heavy Metal on the Growth Rate of an SDS-degrading Pseudomonas sp. strain DRY15 from Antarctic soil. Bioremediation Sci Technol Res. 2019 Jul 31;7(1):41-5.
Shukor MS, Shukor MY. Bioremoval of toxic molybdenum using dialysis tubing. Chem Eng Res Bull. 2015;18(1):6-11.
Sevinç P, Gündüz U, Eroglu I, Yücel M. Kinetic analysis of photosynthetic growth, hydrogen production and dual substrate utilization by Rhodobacter capsulatus. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2012;37(21):16430-6.
McClure PJ, Cole MB, Davies KW. An example of the stages in the development of a predictive mathematical model for microbial growth: the effects of NaCl, pH and temperature on the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila. Int J Food Microbiol. 1994;23(3-4):359-75.
Dalgaard P. Modelling of microbial activity and prediction of shelf life for packed fresh fish. Int J Food Microbiol. 1995;26(3):305-17.
Gompertz B. On the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies. Philos Trans R Soc London. 1825;115:513-85.
Zwietering MH, Jongenburger I, Rombouts FM, Van't Riet K. Modeling of the bacterial growth curve. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990;56(6):1875-81.
Gibson AM, Bratchell N, Roberts TA. The effect of sodium chloride and temperature on the rate and extent of growth of Clostridium botulinum type A in pasteurized pork slurry. J Appl Bacteriol. 1987;62(6):479-90.
Johnsen AR, Binning PJ, Aamand J, Badawi N, Rosenbom AE. The Gompertz function can coherently describe microbial mineralization of growth-sustaining pesticides. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(15):8508-14.
López S, Prieto M, Dijkstra J, Dhanoa MS, France J. Statistical evaluation of mathematical models for microbial growth. Int J Food Microbiol. 2004;96(3):289-300.
Espeche MC, Tomás MSJ, Wiese B, Bru E, Nader-Macías MEF. Physicochemical factors differentially affect the biomass and bacteriocin production by bovine Enterococcus mundtii CRL1656. J Dairy Sci. 2014;97(2):789-97.
Kargi F, Eren NS, Ozmihci S. Effect of initial bacteria concentration on hydrogen gas production from cheese whey powder solution by thermophilic dark fermentation. Biotechnol Prog. 2012;28(4):931-6.
Karthic P, Joseph S, Arun N, Varghese LA, Santhiagu A. Biohydrogen production using anaerobic mixed bacteria: Process parameters optimization studies. J Renew Sustain Energy. 2013;5(6).
Mathias SP, Rosenthal A, Gaspar A, Aragão GMF, Slongo-Marcusi A. Prediction of acid lactic-bacteria growth in Turkey ham processed by high hydrostatic pressure. Braz J Microbiol. 2013;44(1):23-8.
Mohammadi M, Mohamed AR, Najafpour GD, Younesi H, Uzir MH. Kinetic studies on fermentative production of biofuel from synthesis gas using clostridium ljungdahlii. Sci World J. 2014;2014.
Mansur R, Gusmanizar N, Dahalan FA, Masdor NA, Ahmad SA, Shukor MS, et al. Isolation and characterization of a molybdenum-reducing and amide-degrading Burkholderia cepacia strain neni-11 in soils from west Sumatera, Indonesia. IIOAB. 2016;7(1):28-40.
Yakasai MH, Ibrahim KK, Yasid NA, Halmi MIE, Rahman MFA, Shukor MY. Mathematical modelling of molybdenum reduction to mo-blue by a cyanide-degrading bacterium. Bioremediation Sci Technol Res. 2016 Dec 31;4(2):1-5.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. Springer Science & Business Media; 2002. 528 p.
Bolker BM. Ecological Models and Data in R. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press; 2008. 408 p.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
