Proximate, Nutrient Composition and Glycemic Index of Pearl Millet-Acha-Moringa Blend
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54987/jebat.v6i1.811Keywords:
Formulated Diet, Moringa oleifera, Pearl millet, Hungary rice, Cray fishAbstract
Globally, grains can be regarded as the daily source of diets for many populations. They constitute cereals, pseudocereals and legume and are majorly the seeds of plants. They are made up of a wide variety of macronutrients that are vital to human diet, those nutrients are not limited to carbohydrates, but also proteins lipids and micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Grains can be consumed as a source of dietery fibre and bioactives. This research is aimed at formulating a diet using whole grains and cray fish and also to determine the nutrients composition of the diet and its Glycemic Index. A diet was formulated using whole Pearl millet, whole Hungary rice, moringa leaves and cray fish. The Glycemic Index of the diet and the nutrients composition of the formulated diet such as % Fat, % Ash, % Moisture, %Fiber and Vitamin E were determined. Iron and magnesium ions concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry while calcium ion was determined using Flame Photometry. The result showed that the blend contains 6.31% moisture, 1.24% ash, 1.50% fat, 12.06% protein, 3.22% fibre, 75.66% carbohydrate, 50.22 mg Vitamin E, 1.37 mg Magnesium (Mg), and the Glycemic Index was 67.7%.
References
Mensah, MLK, Komlaga, G, Forkuo, AD, Firempong, C, Anning, AK, Dickson, RA. Toxicity and Safety Implications of Herbal Medicines Used in Africa, Herbal Medicine, Philip F. Builders, IntechOpen, 2019;https;//doi.org/10.5572/intechopen.72437
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Vuksan V. High complex carbohydrate or lente carbohydrate foods? Am J Med. 2002;113:Suppl 98:30S-37S.
Harris, S, Monteagudo-Mera, A, Kosic, O, Charalampopoulos, D, Shewry, P, Lovegrove, A. Comparative prebiotic activity of mixtures of cereal grain polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019;9:203-209
Pasupuleti, VK, Anderson, J.W. Nutraceuticals, glycemic health and type-2 diabeties. 2008; IFT Press, Wiley-Blackwell publishing, Ames. ISBN 978-0-8138-2933-3
Ayo, JA. Effect of acha and millet grains on the quality of kunun zaki. Br. Food J. 2004;106:512-519.
Taylor, JR, Puppula, S, Scott, WR, Yengo, L. The genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2016;536(7614):41-47.
Annor, GA, Marcone, M, Corredig, M, Bertoft, E Seetharaman, K. Effects of the amount and type of fatty acids present in millets on their in vitro starch digestibility and expected Glycemic Index (eGI). J Cereal Sci. 2015;64:76-81.
Asare GA, Gyan B, Bugyei K, Adjei S, Mahama R, Addo P, Otu-Nyarko L, Wiredu EK, Nyarko A. Toxicity potentials of the nutraceutical Moringa oleifera at supra-supplementation levels. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(1):265-72.
Arora DS, Onsare JG, Kaur H. Bioprospecting of Moringa (Moringaceae): microbiological perspective. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2013;1(6):193-215.
Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Augustin LS, Martini MC, Axelsen M, Faulkner D, Vidgen E, Parker T, Lau H, Connelly PW, Teitel J. Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(9):1522-8.
Wolever TM, Vorster HH, Björck I, Brand-Miller J, Brighenti F, Mann JI, Ramdath DD, Granfeldt Y, Holt S, Perry TL, Venter C. Determination of the glycaemic index of foods: interlaboratory study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57(3):475-82.
Manisha, S, Narayan, P. Effect of drying methods on ash content and moisture content of leafy vegetable. Int J Sci Res. 2015;2319-7064.
Chikwendu, NJ. The effects of germination on the chemical composition and microbial quality of ground bean (Kerstingiellageo carpa) flours. Niger J Nutr Sci. 2003;24:17-22.
Fliedel, G., Ouattara, M., Grabulos, J., Dramé, D. and Cruz, J. Effet du blanchimentmécanique sur la qualitétechnologique, culinaire et nutritionnelle du fonio, céréaled'Afrique de l'Ouest. In: Brouwer Inge D, Traoré Alfred S, Trèche Serge (ed), Voiesalimentairesd'amélioration des situations nutritionnellesen Afrique de l'Ouest : Le rôle des technologuesalimentaires et des nutritionnistes : actes du 2e Atelier international, Ouagadougou, 23-28 nov. 2003. Ouagadougou: Presses universitaires de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. 2004;Pp. 599-614.
Ojokoh, AO, Fayemi, OE, Ocloo FCK, Nwokolo FI. Effect of fermentation on proximate composition, physicochemical and microbial characteristics of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) and Acha (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) flour blends. Agric Biotech. 2015;7(1):1-8.
Serna Saldivar, SO. Cereals/Dietary Importance. In: Caballero B, Trugo L and Finglas (Eds) Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition: Academic Press London.2003. Pp: 56.
Ballogou, venerande Y., Soumanou, Mohamed M.I., Toukourou, Fatiou, Hounhouigan, and Joseph D. Structure and Nutritional Composition of fonio (Digitaria exilis) Grains. Int J Biol Sci. 2013;2(1);245-251.
Cruz, JF, Beavogui, F, Drame, D. Le fonio, unecéréaleafricaine Agricultures tropical esenpoche.Quae/Cta/ Pressesagronomiques de Gembloux. Versailles, France. 2011;p175.
Ogugua, VN, Igomu, RO, Okagu, IU, Onwurah INE. Glycemic indices of carbohydrate-based staple foods commonly consumed in Africa: Maize, Acha and Oat in albino rats. World Appl Sci J., 2018;36(5):654-66
O'Dea K, Nestel PJ, Antonoff L. Physical factors influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses to starch. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980;33(4):760-5.
Ahmad SM, Birnin-Yauri UA, Bagudo BU, Sahabi DM. Comparative analysis on the nutritional values of crayfish and some insects. Afr J Food Sci Technol. 2013;4(1):9-12.
Anudeep S, Prasanna VK, Adya SM, Radha C. Characterization of soluble dietary fiber from Moringa oleifera seeds and its immunomodulatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016;91:656-62.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
